Organisation

Houthi Conflict

Houthi Conflict: Why Yemen and the Red Sea Matter to the World

The Houthi conflict in Yemen has entered a new and serious phase in September 2026. What was once mainly a domestic conflict in Yemen has increasingly become a regional and international security issue because of the strategic location of Yemen along the Red Sea and Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

Recent fighting has intensified between the Houthi movement and forces supporting Yemen’s internationally recognised government, which is backed by Saudi Arabia. The Houthis have made significant advances along Yemen’s Red Sea coast, including taking control of the port city of Mokha and the strategically located Perim (Mayyun) Island near the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. 

Who Are the Houthis?

The Houthis, officially known as Ansar Allah, are an armed and political movement that emerged from northern Yemen. They have controlled large parts of northwestern Yemen, including the capital Sana’a, for years.

The conflict involves the Houthis, Yemen’s internationally recognised government and regional actors. Iran has provided support to the Houthis, while Saudi Arabia has supported the Yemeni government. Fighting had largely reduced after a 2022 truce, but tensions increased again during 2026. 

Why Is Bab el-Mandeb Important?

The Bab el-Mandeb Strait is a narrow maritime chokepoint connecting the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. It is an important route for international shipping.

The recent Houthi advance towards the strait has increased concerns about the safety of commercial vessels and global trade. The International Maritime Organization has continued to monitor attacks affecting shipping in the Red Sea region and has stressed the importance of protecting ships, cargo and seafarers. 

This makes the Houthi conflict much more than a regional issue. Any prolonged disruption can affect shipping costs, insurance, energy supplies and international trade.

What Has Happened Recently?

In September 2026, Houthi forces expanded their control along Yemen's Red Sea coastline. Reports say they captured Mokha and Perim Island, strengthening their position close to the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

At the same time, fighting with Saudi-backed forces has intensified. The Houthis have also launched attacks towards Saudi Arabia, while Saudi forces have conducted strikes against Houthi-controlled areas. 

The escalation has also created a serious humanitarian problem. More than 100,000 people have reportedly been displaced during the recent fighting, adding to Yemen's already severe humanitarian crisis.

Why Does It Matter for India?

India has important economic and strategic interests in the Red Sea–Indian Ocean maritime route. Disruption around Bab el-Mandeb can increase shipping distances and costs and affect India's trade with Europe and West Asia.

For India, the issue connects maritime security, energy security, international trade, West Asian geopolitics and the Indian Ocean Region.

UPSC Relevance

The Houthi conflict is highly relevant for UPSC and State PCS under International Relations, World Geography, Maritime Security, Energy Security and India's relations with West Asia.

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