Organisation

BRICS History, Members, Objectives

BRICS: History, Members, Objectives and Importance for India

BRICS has emerged as one of the most important groups representing major emerging economies. For India, BRICS is not only an economic platform but also an important forum for discussing global governance, trade, development, technology and the concerns of the Global South.

The name BRICS was originally formed from the first letters of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The idea of “BRIC” was introduced by economist Jim O’Neill in 2001. Later, the countries themselves developed the grouping into a formal platform. The first BRIC summit was held in 2009, while South Africa joined in 2010, making it BRICS.

BRICS Expansion

BRICS has changed significantly in recent years. In 2024, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates became members. Indonesia subsequently joined in 2025. As a result, BRICS now consists of 11 member countries.

The expansion has increased the geographical and economic importance of the organisation. Today, BRICS represents a very large share of the world's population and global economic output, making it an important voice of emerging and developing economies.

India’s Role in BRICS

India is one of the founding members of BRICS and has played an important role in shaping its agenda.

In 2026, India holds the BRICS Chairship and is hosting the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi. India's theme for the year focuses on resilience, innovation, cooperation and sustainability.

India wants BRICS to remain a platform for practical cooperation rather than simply becoming a geopolitical grouping. Issues such as digital technology, artificial intelligence, climate change, healthcare, energy security, trade and development are gaining greater importance.

Why is BRICS Important for India?

BRICS provides India with an opportunity to strengthen its relations with countries across Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America.

One major area is Global South cooperation. India has repeatedly highlighted the need for developing countries to have a stronger voice in institutions such as the United Nations, IMF and World Bank.

BRICS also provides opportunities for cooperation in infrastructure and development financing through institutions such as the New Development Bank. The group is also discussing ways to make cross-border payments easier and improve economic cooperation.

India-China Dimension

BRICS is particularly significant because China is also a member.

India and China have differences over several strategic and economic issues, but both countries continue to participate in multilateral forums. BRICS therefore provides an additional platform for dialogue and cooperation.

This reflects India's broader foreign-policy approach of maintaining relationships with different groups while protecting its own national interests.

Challenges Before BRICS

Despite its growing influence, BRICS faces several challenges. Its members have different political systems, economic priorities and foreign-policy interests.

India's relations with China, geopolitical tensions involving Russia and the West, and differences among member countries can make consensus difficult. Therefore, the future success of BRICS will depend on its ability to convert discussions into practical cooperation.

Why BRICS Matters for UPSC Aspirants

BRICS is an important topic for UPSC and State PCS examinations. Aspirants should understand its history, membership, objectives, New Development Bank, Global South, India's role and the idea of a multipolar world order.

The topic also connects with International Relations, Indian Foreign Policy, Economy, Global Governance and Current Affairs.

BRICS is gradually becoming an important pillar of the changing global order. For India, it provides an opportunity to promote the interests of developing countries, expand economic cooperation and strengthen its diplomatic influence.

The challenge is to ensure that BRICS remains focused on cooperation, development and practical outcomes despite differences among its members.

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